Mitochondrial clearance occurs via macroautophagy or mitophagy [34, 35]
GHK-Cus documented NGF stimulation appears to sit within its broader gene expression modulation signature rather than representing a direct receptor interaction, which is mechanistically coherent with the transcriptomic reactivation data showing GHK-Cu shifting aging gene expression profiles toward younger patterns (PMID: 25904764)
Theodossiou TA, Olsen CE, Jonsson M, Kubin A, Hothersall JS, Berg K
Most side effects are transient and resolve within the first weeks of treatment
75 male participants were given either 2.2g Setria Performance Blend, 2g L-citrulline- malate , or 2.52g placebo for eight weeks of resistance training, then measured for changes in lean mass and 1RM (one rep max) on the bench and leg press