GHK-Cu (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper complex) is the copper-bound form of the naturally occurring human tripeptide GHK
Valproic acid A histone deacetylase inhibitor, valproic acid injected directly into the brain (substantia nigra) increased GDNF and BDNF production [88]
Nat Med 2024;30:20372048
They are used to: Improve glycemic management in people with diabetes Support weight loss in individuals with overweight or obesity Reduce cardiovascular risk in certain patient populations Most recently, to treat moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea These medications are typically prescribed at FDA-approved doses and titrated gradually to manage gastrointestinal side effects like nausea, diarrhea, and upset stomach
The proportion of otologic AEs was 958 (0.99%): 515 hypoacusis, 203 vertigo, 97 deafness, 93 tinnitus, 22 ear pain, 21 motion sickness, 5 hyperacusis, 2 ear fullness, and 0 autophony